one of the main concerns of the mining industry is to determine ultimate pit limits. final pit is a collection of blocks, which can be removed with maximum profit while following restrictions on the slope of the mine’s walls. the size, location and final shape of an open-pit are very important in designing the location of waste dumps, stockpiles, processing plants, access roads and other surfac...

One of the most effective parameters in economics of open-pit mines is the pit slope angle, so that the slope angle more than the optimum value increases the probability of a large failure in the pit wall and the slope angle less than the optimum value leads to increasing stripping ratio and reducing net present value of mine. Therefore, in this paper, considering the limit equilibrium methods ...

the determination of the ultimate pit limit (upl) is the first step in the open pit mine planning process. in this stage that parts of the mineral deposit that are economic to mine are determined. there are several mathematical, heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to determine upl. the optimization criterion in these algorithms is maximization of the total profit whilst satisfying the...

This paper is based on the open pit to underground mining practice of Daye Iron Mine. The influence mechanism between high-steep slope and non-pillar sublevel caving method is studied by using physical model test. Firstly, engineering geological properties of the choosing typical research section is analysed and generalized. Secondly, the system of open pit to underground mining is developing a...

ultimate limits of an open pit, which define its size and shape at the end of the mine’s life, is the pit with the highest profit value. a number of algorithms such as floating or moving cone method, floating cone method ii and the corrected forms of this method, the korobov algorithm and the corrected form of this method, dynamic programming and the lerchs and grossmann algorithm based on grap...

In open-pit mine planning, the design of the most profitable ultimate pit limit is a prerequisite to developing a feasible mining sequence. Currently, the design of an ultimate pit is achieved through a computer program in most mining companies. The extraction of minerals in open mining methods needs a lot of capital investment, which may take several decades. Before the extraction, the p...

Planning and design procedure of an open pit mining project just can be started after ultimate pit determination. In the carried out study in this paper it was shown that the most important factor in ultimate pit determination and in consequence in the whole planning and design procedure of an open pit mine is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated and impose...

Production scheduling (planning) of an open-pit mine is the procedure during which the rock blocks are assigned to different production periods in a way that the highest net present value of the project achieved subject to operational constraints. The paper introduces a new and computationally less expensive meta-heuristic technique known as imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for long-term...

With the advent and wide spread use of computers a number of algorithms have been developed to determine the optimum ultimate pit limits in open pit mining. The main objective of these algorithms is to find groups of blocks that should be removed to yield the maximum overall mining profit under specified economic conditions and technological constraints. The most common methods are: Lerchs and ...

all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment'soriginal condition during construction. therefore, it is crucial toimplement an appropriate mine reclamation plan throughout all mineplanning stages from sustainable and environmental point of view.planting the suitable plant species in each step of any reclamationplan and each area is one of the necessities in this respect.select...